The Biopsychosocial Sphere of Women Victims of Violence: A Systematic Review

Objective: Identify the contribution of developed research to a biopsychosocial sphere of women victims of violence and the meaning attributed to these experiences in their lives. Method: An integrative review conducted in MEDLINE/PubMed and LILACS databases, covering the years from 2009 to 2015. Results: We selected and analyzed 18 studies with the selection criteria being the reasons given by women for remaining with a violent partner, the reasons for not seeking help to break the cycle of violence, or the meaning attributed to this experience in their lives, including the social, religious, ethical and moral meaning, as well as the suffering derived from the experience. Discussion: Interventions at health institutions allow for the development of strategies for coping with this issue. A complaint lodged by the wife against her attacker demonstrates an early break in the cycle of violence. Conclusion: The results evidence aspects that can help to improve the quality of health among these women and show the importance of research to support practices in caring for women who are victims of violence. Objetivo: identificar a contribuição de pesquisas desenvolvidas na esfera biopsicossocial de mulheres vítimas de violência e o significado atribuído a essas experiências em suas vidas. Materiais e método: revisão integrativa conduzida nas bases de dados MEDLINE/ PubMed e LILACS, abrangendo os anos desde 2009 até 2015. Resultados: selecionamos e analisamos 18 trabalhos com os critérios de seleção: os motivos dados pelas mulheres para ficar com um parceiro violento, os motivos por não procurarem ajuda para quebrar o ciclo de violência ou o significado atribuído a essa experiência em suas vidas, incluindo o significado social, religioso, ético e moral, como também o sofrimento derivado da experiência. Discussão: intervenções em instituições de saúde permitem o desenvolvimento de estratégias para lidar com esse assunto. A denúncia da esposa contra seu atacante demonstra uma quebra precoce no ciclo de violência. Conclusões: os resultados evidenciam aspectos que podem ajudar a melhorar a qualidade da saúde de mulheres que são vítimas de violência e mostrar a importância da pesquisa para apoiar práticas de cuidados paraelas. Objetivo: Identificar la contribución de la investigación desarrollada a una esfera biopsicosocial de mujeres víctimas de violencia y el significado atribuido a estas experiencias en sus vidas. Método: Revisión integradora realizada en los bases de datos MEDLINE / PubMed y LILACS, que cubre los años de 2009 a 2015. Resultados: Se seleccionaron y analizaron 18 estudios, con los criterios de selección siendo las razones dadas por las mujeres para permanecer con un compañero violento, las razones para no buscar ayuda para romper el ciclo de violencia o el significado atribuido a esta experiencia en sus vidas, incluyendo el significado religioso, ético y moral, así como el sufrimiento derivado de la experiencia. Discusión: Las intervenciones llevadas a cabo en las instituciones de salud permiten el desarrollo de estratificaciones para hacer frente a este problema. Una denuncia presentada por una esposa contra su atacante demuestra una ruptura temprana en el ciclo de violencia. Conclusión: Los resultados evidencian aspectos que pueden ayudar a mejorar la calidad de la salud de estas mujeres y muestran la importancia de la investigación para apoyar las prácticas en el cuidado de las mujeres víctimas de la violencia.

The Biopsychosocial Sphere of Women Victims of Violence: A Systematic Review

Objective: Identify the contribution of developed research to a biopsychosocial sphere of women victims of violence and the meaning attributed to these experiences in their lives. Method: An integrative review conducted in MEDLINE/PubMed and LILACS databases, covering the years from 2009 to 2015. Results: We selected and analyzed 18 studies with the selection criteria being the reasons given by women for remaining with a violent partner, the reasons for not seeking help to break the cycle of violence, or the meaning attributed to this experience in their lives, including the social, religious, ethical and moral meaning, as well as the suffering derived from the experience. Discussion: Interventions at health institutions allow for the development of strategies for coping with this issue. A complaint lodged by the wife against her attacker demonstrates an early break in the cycle of violence. Conclusion: The results evidence aspects that can help to improve the quality of health among these women and show the importance of research to support practices in caring for women who are victims of violence.

The Biopsychosocial Sphere of Women Victims of Violence: A Systematic Review

Objetivo: identificar la contribución de la investigación desarrollada a una esfera biopsicosocial de mujeres víctimas de violencia y el significado atribuido a estas experiencias en sus vidas. Método: revisión integradora realizada en las bases de datos MEDLINE / PubMed y LILACS, que cubre los años de 2009 a 2015. Resultados: se seleccionaron y analizaron 18 estudios, con los criterios de selección siendo las razones dadas por las mujeres para permanecer con un compañero violento, las razones para no buscar ayuda para romper el ciclo de violencia o el significado atribuido a esta experiencia en sus vidas, incluyendo el significado religioso, ético y moral, así como el sufrimiento derivado de la experiencia. Discusión: las intervenciones llevadas a cabo en las instituciones de salud permiten el desarrollo de estratificaciones para hacer frente a este problema. Una denuncia presentada por una esposa contra su atacante demuestra una ruptura temprana en el ciclo de violencia. Conclusión: los resultados evidencian aspectos que pueden ayudar a mejorar la calidad de la salud de estas mujeres y muestran la importancia de la investigación para apoyar las prácticas en el cuidado de las mujeres víctimas de la violencia

Sesquiterpene lactones of Moquiniastrum polymorphum subsp. floccosum have antineoplastic effects in Walker-256 tumor-bearing rats

Background and aim: This study aimed to evaluate the in vivo antitumor actions and toxicity of the dichloromethane fraction (F1B) of Moquiniastrum polymorphum subsp. floccosum (formerly Gochnatia polymorpha ssp. floccosa), composed of sesquiterpene lactones, against Walker-256 carcinosarcoma in rats. Methods: Male Wistar rats received 100 mg kg-1 F1B per day orally for 16 days after subcutaneous inoculation of Walker-256 cells in the pelvic limb. The tumor progression was monitored, and after treatment, tumor weight, oxidative stress, plasma biochemistry, inflammatory parameters, gene expression and histology of tumor and/or liver were evaluated. The toxicity of F1B was analyzed through the relative weight of organs. Additionally, an LD50 test was performed in mice. Results: F1B treatment significantly reduced tumor volume and weight. There was no difference in oxidative stress in tumor tissue after treatment. F1B treatment modified hepatic glutathione and superoxide dismutase, and normalized plasma glucose, alkaline phosphatase, and amylase. F1B did not affect the activity of myeloperoxidase and N-acetylglucosaminidase or the nitric oxide levels in tumor tissue. However, F1B decreased the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels. Additionally, F1B increased apoptosis in the tumor, mediated by up-regulation of the p53 and Bax gene expression. No clinical signs of toxicity or death were observed in the rats treated with F1B. The LD50 calculated for mice was 1209 mg kg-1. Conclusions: F1B, which is rich in sesquiterpene lactones, showed antitumor activity against Walker-256 carcinosarcoma. This effect may be, at least in part, related to the induction of apoptosis and inhibition of TNF-α signaling

Catalase expression in liver (A) and tumour (B), and SOD-1 expression in liver (C) and tumour (D), as measured by Western blot.

<p>The densitometry graphs are displayed beside each picture. Group abbreviations: CO: Control, BR: BHE extract, BU: BuOH fraction, CH: CHCl₃ fraction.</p

Main oxidative stress parameters measured in W256 tumour-bearing rats treated with <i>U. tomentosa</i> BHE extract or its two fractions (BuOH and CHCl₃).

<p>SOD activity in the liver (A) and tumour (B); Cat activity in the liver (C) and tumour (D) and LPO rates in the liver (E) and tumour (F). Symbols: *<i>p</i><0.05; **<i>p</i><0.01 and ***<i>p</i><0.001 as compared to the control group; ^#<i>p</i><0.05 and ^###<i>p</i><0.001 as compared to the baseline group; °<i>p</i><0.05 as compared to the BuOH fraction.</p

<em>Uncaria tomentosa</em> Exerts Extensive Anti-Neoplastic Effects against the Walker-256 Tumour by Modulating Oxidative Stress and Not by Alkaloid Activity

<div><p>This study aimed to compare the anti-neoplastic effects of an <em>Uncaria tomentosa</em> (UT) brute hydroethanolic (BHE) extract with those of two fractions derived from it. These fractions are choroformic (CHCl₃) and <em>n</em>-butanolic (BuOH), rich in pentacyclic oxindole alkaloids (POA) and antioxidant substances, respectively. The cancer model was the subcutaneous inoculation of Walker-256 tumour cells in the pelvic limb of male Wistar rat. Subsequently to the inoculation, gavage with BHE extract (50 mg.kg⁻¹) or its fractions (as per the yield of the fractioning process) or vehicle (Control) was performed during 14 days. Baseline values, corresponding to individuals without tumour or treatment with UT, were also included. After treatment, tumour volume and mass, plasma biochemistry, oxidative stress in liver and tumour, TNF-α level in liver and tumour homogenates, and survival rates were analysed. Both the BHE extract and its BuOH fraction successfully reduced tumour weight and volume, and modulated anti-oxidant systems. The hepatic TNF-α level indicated a greater effect from the BHE extract as compared to its BuOH fraction. Importantly, both the BHE extract and its BuOH fraction increased the survival time of the tumour-bearing animals. Inversely, the CHCl₃ fraction was ineffective. These data represent an in vivo demonstration of the importance of the modulation of oxidative stress as part of the anti-neoplastic activity of UT, as well as constitute evidence of the lack of activity of isolated POAs in the primary tumour of this tumour lineage. These effects are possibly resulting from a synergic combination of substances, most of them with antioxidant properties.</p> </div